جداول مرجعية: الجدول الدوري للعناصر - كتاب الكيمياء - الصف 12 - الفصل 1 - المملكة العربية السعودية

جداول مرجعية الجدول الدوري للعناصر يدل لون صندوق كل عنصر على ما إذا كان فلزاً أو شبه فلز أو لافلزاً. فلز شبه فلز لا فلز جداول مرجعية وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2025 - 1447 176 --- VISUAL CONTEXT --- **TABLE**: الجدول الدوري للعناصر Description: The main block of the periodic table, showing elements from Group 1 to Group 18 and Periods 1 to 7. Each cell contains the atomic number, element symbol, element name, and atomic mass. Colors indicate whether an element is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal, as per the key. Table Structure: Headers: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 Rows: Row 1: 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | 2 He Helium 4.003 Row 2: 3 Li Lithium 6.941 | 4 Be Beryllium 9.012 | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | 5 B Boron 10.811 | 6 C Carbon 12.011 | 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 | 8 O Oxygen 15.999 | 9 F Fluorine 18.998 | 10 Ne Neon 20.180 Row 3: 11 Na Sodium 22.990 | 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | EMPTY | 13 Al Aluminum 26.982 | 14 Si Silicon 28.086 | 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 | 16 S Sulfur 32.065 | 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 | 18 Ar Argon 39.948 Row 4: 19 K Potassium 39.098 | 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 | 21 Sc Scandium 44.956 | 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 | 23 V Vanadium 50.942 | 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 | 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 | 26 Fe Iron 55.845 | 27 Co Cobalt 58.933 | 28 Ni Nickel 58.693 | 29 Cu Copper 63.546 | 30 Zn Zinc 65.409 | 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 | 32 Ge Germanium 72.64 | 33 As Arsenic 74.922 | 34 Se Selenium 78.96 | 35 Br Bromine 79.904 | 36 Kr Krypton 83.798 Row 5: 37 Rb Rubidium 85.468 | 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 | 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 | 40 Zr Zirconium 91.224 | 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 | 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.96 | 43 Tc Technetium (98) | 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 | 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 | 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 | 47 Ag Silver 107.868 | 48 Cd Cadmium 112.411 | 49 In Indium 114.818 | 50 Sn Tin 118.710 | 51 Sb Antimony 121.760 | 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 | 53 I Iodine 126.904 | 54 Xe Xenon 131.293 Row 6: 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 | 56 Ba Barium 137.33 | 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 | 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 | 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 | 74 W Tungsten 183.84 | 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 | 76 Os Osmium 190.23 | 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 | 78 Pt Platinum 195.078 | 79 Au Gold 196.967 | 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 | 81 Tl Thallium 204.383 | 82 Pb Lead 207.2 | 83 Bi Bismuth 208.980 | 84 Po Polonium (209) | 85 At Astatine (210) | 86 Rn Radon (222) Row 7: 87 Fr Francium (223) | 88 Ra Radium (226) | 89 Ac Actinium (227) | 104 Rf Rutherfordium (267) | 105 Db Dubnium (268) | 106 Sg Seaborgium (269) | 107 Bh Bohrium (270) | 108 Hs Hassium (269) | 109 Mt Meitnerium (278) | 110 Ds Darmstadtium (269) | 111 Rg Roentgenium (272) | 112 Cn Copernicium 285.177 | 113 Nh Nihonium 286.183 | 114 Fl Flerovium 289.191 | 115 Mc Moscovium 290.196 | 116 Lv Livermorium 293.205 | 117 Ts Tennessine 294.211 | 118 Og Oganesson 294.214 Empty cells: Cells are empty where elements are not present in the main block of the periodic table, specifically for d-block elements in periods 2 and 3, and for f-block elements (Lanthanides and Actinides) which are listed separately below. Data: The table is structured with 18 columns representing groups and 7 rows representing periods. Element data includes atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass. Atomic masses in parentheses are estimated. Key Values: Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, Group 12, Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, Group 16, Group 17, Group 18, Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, Period 4, Period 5, Period 6, Period 7 Context: This periodic table provides fundamental information for all known chemical elements, including their atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass. The color coding helps distinguish between metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, which is crucial for understanding chemical properties and reactivity. **TABLE**: سلسلة اللانثانيدات والأكتينيدات Description: The f-block elements, consisting of the Lanthanide and Actinide series, typically placed below the main periodic table. Each cell contains the atomic number, element symbol, element name, and atomic mass. Table Structure: Headers: 57/89 | 58/90 | 59/91 | 60/92 | 61/93 | 62/94 | 63/95 | 64/96 | 65/97 | 66/98 | 67/99 | 68/100 | 69/101 | 70/102 | 71/103 Rows: Row 1: 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 | 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 | 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 | 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 | 61 Pm Promethium (145) | 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 | 63 Eu Europium 151.964 | 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 | 65 Tb Terbium 158.925 | 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.500 | 67 Ho Holmium 164.930 | 68 Er Erbium 167.259 | 69 Tm Thulium 168.934 | 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 | 71 Lu Lutetium 174.967 Row 2: 89 Ac Actinium (227) | 90 Th Thorium 232.04 | 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 | 92 U Uranium 238.03 | 93 Np Neptunium (237) | 94 Pu Plutonium (244) | 95 Am Americium (243) | 96 Cm Curium (247) | 97 Bk Berkelium (247) | 98 Cf Californium (251) | 99 Es Einsteinium (252) | 100 Fm Fermium (257) | 101 Md Mendelevium (258) | 102 No Nobelium (259) | 103 Lr Lawrencium (262) Data: Two rows representing the Lanthanide and Actinide series. Element data includes atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass. Atomic masses in parentheses are estimated. Key Values: Lanthanides, Actinides Context: The Lanthanides and Actinides are f-block elements with unique electronic configurations, leading to distinct chemical properties. They are often studied separately due to their similar characteristics within each series and their role in nuclear chemistry and advanced materials.