صفحة 78 - كتاب الجغرافيا - الصف 12 - الفصل 1 - المملكة العربية السعودية

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The image shows a room with scientific equipment, including a large cylindrical drum for recording seismic activity, computer monitors displaying maps (one showing a world map with colored regions, another a local map), and other electronic devices. The equipment is housed in a glass display case.", "educational_context": "Illustrates the physical setup of a seismograph station used to monitor earthquakes." }, { "index": 1, "label": "طريقة عمل السيزموجراف", "question_number": "N/A", "type": "diagram", "location": "center", "title": "طريقة عمل السيزموجراف", "description": "A diagram explaining the working principle of a seismograph. It consists of two main parts illustrating vertical and horizontal motion detection, and a waveform graph showing seismic activity over time.", "" "sub_elements": [ { "type": "illustration", "label": "حركة رأسية", "description": "A diagram showing a weight (ثقل) suspended by a spring (زنبرك) with a pen (قلم) attached. The pen rests on a rotating paper drum. This setup is designed to record vertical ground motion. The spring and weight remain relatively stationary while the ground and drum move vertically." }, { "type": "illustration", "label": "حركة أفقية", "description": "A diagram showing a weight (ثقل) suspended by a spring (زنبرك) with a pen (قلم) attached. The pen rests on a rotating paper drum. This setup is designed to record horizontal ground motion. The spring and weight remain relatively stationary while the ground and drum move horizontally." }, { "type": "graph", "label": "تسجيل الزلزال", "description": "A simple waveform graph showing the recording of seismic activity over time. The x-axis represents time, indicated by an arrow labeled 'الوقت (5 ثوان تقريباً)' (Time (approximately 5 seconds)). The y-axis represents ground displacement.", "axes_labels": { "x_axis": "الوقت", "y_axis": "حركة الأرض" }, "data_description": "The graph shows three distinct phases:\n1. 'قبل الزلزال' (Before the earthquake): A flat, stable line indicating no significant ground motion.\n2. 'في أثناء الزلزال' (During the earthquake): A wavy, oscillating line indicating ground motion and seismic waves.\n3. 'بعد الزلزال' (After the earthquake): A flat, stable line again, indicating the cessation of significant ground motion. The wavy section, representing 'في أثناء الزلزال', is approximately 5 seconds long as indicated by the label." } ], "educational_context": "Explains the mechanical operation of a seismograph and how it records ground movements during an earthquake, distinguishing between vertical and horizontal components, and showing the typical waveform before, during, and after an event." } ] }