صفحة 313 - كتاب الرعاية الصحية - الصف 12 - الفصل 1 - المملكة العربية السعودية

National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Company

Health Care

Program Director: Sharon Jervis Senior Program Manager: Claire Merchant Ministry Program Manager: Anna Missa Project Manager: Lisa Darrand Head of Design and Production: Celia Jones Senior Production Manager: Phillipa Davidson-Blake Designers: EMC Design Ltd Saudi Arabian Review Team: Dr. Dhafer Alqarni, Dr. Sary Alsanea, Dr. Abdulsalam Alhaidary, Dr. Nawal Alissa

© 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. “National Geographic”, “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society ® Marcas Registradas

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Student Edition: 978-603-514-024-9

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Visit National Geographic Learning online at ELTNGL.com

Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com

Credits

Cover SCIERPO/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images; 4 - jijomathaidesigners/Shutterstock; 20 - Chinnapong/Shutterstock; 22 - Arabstock; 24 - Arabstock; 26 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 27 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 32 - SofikoS/Shutterstock; 34 - Arabstock; 36 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 41 - Arabstock; 42 - Arabstock; 47 - FatCamera/Getty Images; 53 - Jabah Media Production/The Stock; 67(t) - Based on data from the Saudi Elderly Survey 2018; 69 - Katarina Premfors/arabianEye; 71 - Marcin Moryc/Shutterstock; 72 - Toa55/Shutterstock; 75(t) - Art Directors & TRIP / Alamy Stock Photo; 75(b) - Enriscapes/Shutterstock; 79 - Motortion Films/Shutterstock; 82 - Arabstock; 85 - Arabstock; 86 - dieddin/Shutterstock; 88 - Nick Davidson/arabianEye; 90(t) - Courtesy Care Trak International, Inc.; 90(l) - Yvonne Wierink/Shutterstock; 90(b) - Alamy Stock Photo; 93 - Yuri Arcurs / Alamy Stock Photo; 104 - Cengage Learning; 105 - Douglas Olivares/Shutterstock; 108(r) - Zay Nyi Nyi/Shutterstock; 108(c) - Cengage Learning; 109 - Cengage Learning; 110 - Cengage Learning; 111(t) - Darren Lingard; 111(b) - Courtesy of Medline Industries Inc., 1-860-MEDLINE; 113 - Cengage Learning; 115 - Darren Lingard; 117 - Darren Lingard; 118 - Darren Lingard; 121 - Darren Lingard; 122 - Darren Lingard; 125 - Cengage Learning; 127 - Tasneem Alsultan; 128 - Cengage Learning; 131(t) - CatbirdHill/Shutterstock; 131(c) - Cengage Learning; 131(b) - Cengage Learning; 132(t) - Dorling Kindersley ltd / Alamy Stock Photo; 132(b) - Cengage Learning; 134 - Cengage Learning; 135 - Tasneem Alsultan; 137(r) - Steve Lovegrove/ Shutterstock; 137(l) - mindfulness/Shutterstock; 138(t) - Dr P. MARAZZI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 138(b) - Cengage Learning; 139(t) - Cengage Learning; 139(b) - Tasneem Alsultan; 140 - Cengage Learning; 144 - NIKCOA/Shutterstock; 145 - Cengage Learning; 147(t) - Nismitmicrostock/ Shutterstock; 147(c) - drawdrawdraw/iStock; 147(b) - Cengage Learning; 148(t) - Courtesy of Medline Industries Inc., 1-860-MEDLINE; 148(l) - VallarIE/Getty Images; 149 - Cengage Learning; 150 - Cengage Learning; 151 - Cengage Learning; 153 - Photo Melon / Shutterstock; 154(t) - GladkovPhoto/Shutterstock; 154(c) - Claudio Caridi/Shutterstock; 154(b) - Jabah Media Production; 159 - Cengage Learning; 161 - Cengage Learning; 162 - Leah-Anne Thompson/Shutterstock; 164(tr) - nednapa/Shutterstock; 164(tl) - flubydust/iStock; 164(br) - Vitaliy Hrabar/Shutterstock; 164(bl) - Max Labeille/Getty Images; 166 - TomoTaro/Shutterstock; 179 - Pixel-Shot/ Shutterstock; 180-187 - Mohammad I. El Mouzan, Abdullah A. Al Salloum, Abdullah S. Al Herbish, Peter J Foster, Mansour M. Qurashi, Ahmad A. Al Omar; 189(t) - SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 189(c) - Oradol/Shutterstock; 189(b) - VOISIN / PHANIE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 190 - Tasneem Alsultan; 191 - Iryna Inshyna/Shutterstock; 192(t) - Gorloff-KV/Shutterstock; 192(b) - Cengage Learning; 193 - Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock; 194 - Cengage Learning; 199 - Darren Lingard; 200 - Darren Lingard; 200(bl) - Courtesy of Midmark Corp.; 201 - Cengage Learning; 203 - Tasneem Alsultan; 204 - Cengage Learning; 205 - MINT IMAGES / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 206(t) - PEAKSTOCK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY, Brisbane, Australia; 209 - Courtesy of Miltex, Inc.; 210 - Cengage Learning; 212 - Cengage Learning; 215(tr) - Cengage Learning; 215(tl) - Cultura Creative RF / Alamy Stock Photo; 215(b) - Cengage Learning; 216 - Cengage Learning; 218 - Cengage Learning; 219(b) - ARNO MASSEE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 220(t) - Cengage Learning; 220(b) - Cengage Learning; 221 - Cengage Learning; 222(t) - Tasneem Alsultan; 222(b) - Cengage Learning; 223 - Cengage Learning; 224(b) - Art_Pictures/ Shutterstock; 227 - Tasneem Alsultan; 229 - Robert Avgustin/Shutterstock; 239 - Courtesy of KARDEX ® System, Inc., Marietta, OH.; 243 - Tasneem Alsultan; 245(r) - ©iStock.com/GeoPappas; 245(l) - RASimon / iStock / Getty Images Plus; 249 - Cengage Learning; 251 - Cengage Learning; 255 - Cengage Learning; 256 - Cengage Learning; 257 - Cengage Learning; 258 - Tasneem Alsultan; 261 - Cengage Learning; 262 - Cengage Learning; 263 - Cengage Learning; 271 - Cengage Learning; 273 - Cengage Learning; 275 - Pepermpron/Shutterstock; 285 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 286 - Jabah Media Production/The Stock; 288 - Arnold O. A. Pinto/Shutterstock; 291 - MalikNalik/Shutterstock; 293 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 295 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 297 - Gecko Studio/Shutterstock

National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Company Health Care Program Director: Sharon Jervis Senior Program Manager: Claire Merchant Ministry Program Manager: Anna Missa Project Manager: Lisa Darrand Head of Design and Production: Celia Jones Senior Production Manager: Phillipa Davidson-Blake Designers: EMC Design Ltd Saudi Arabian Review Team: Dr. Dhafer Alqarni, Dr. Sary Alsanea, Dr. Abdulsalam Alhaidary, Dr. Nawal Alissa © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. “National Geographic”, “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society ® Marcas Registradas For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Student Edition: 978-603-514-024-9 National Geographic Learning Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE United Kingdom Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region Visit National Geographic Learning online at ELTNGL.com Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com Credits Cover SCIERPO/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images; 4 - jijomathaidesigners/Shutterstock; 20 - Chinnapong/Shutterstock; 22 - Arabstock; 24 - Arabstock; 26 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 27 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 32 - SofikoS/Shutterstock; 34 - Arabstock; 36 - Cengage Learning, Inc.; 41 - Arabstock; 42 - Arabstock; 47 - FatCamera/Getty Images; 53 - Jabah Media Production/The Stock; 67(t) - Based on data from the Saudi Elderly Survey 2018; 69 - Katarina Premfors/arabianEye; 71 - Marcin Moryc/Shutterstock; 72 - Toa55/Shutterstock; 75(t) - Art Directors & TRIP / Alamy Stock Photo; 75(b) - Enriscapes/Shutterstock; 79 - Motortion Films/Shutterstock; 82 - Arabstock; 85 - Arabstock; 86 - dieddin/Shutterstock; 88 - Nick Davidson/arabianEye; 90(t) - Courtesy Care Trak International, Inc.; 90(l) - Yvonne Wierink/Shutterstock; 90(b) - Alamy Stock Photo; 93 - Yuri Arcurs / Alamy Stock Photo; 104 - Cengage Learning; 105 - Douglas Olivares/Shutterstock; 108(r) - Zay Nyi Nyi/Shutterstock; 108(c) - Cengage Learning; 109 - Cengage Learning; 110 - Cengage Learning; 111(t) - Darren Lingard; 111(b) - Courtesy of Medline Industries Inc., 1-860-MEDLINE; 113 - Cengage Learning; 115 - Darren Lingard; 117 - Darren Lingard; 118 - Darren Lingard; 121 - Darren Lingard; 122 - Darren Lingard; 125 - Cengage Learning; 127 - Tasneem Alsultan; 128 - Cengage Learning; 131(t) - CatbirdHill/Shutterstock; 131(c) - Cengage Learning; 131(b) - Cengage Learning; 132(t) - Dorling Kindersley ltd / Alamy Stock Photo; 132(b) - Cengage Learning; 134 - Cengage Learning; 135 - Tasneem Alsultan; 137(r) - Steve Lovegrove/ Shutterstock; 137(l) - mindfulness/Shutterstock; 138(t) - Dr P. MARAZZI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 138(b) - Cengage Learning; 139(t) - Cengage Learning; 139(b) - Tasneem Alsultan; 140 - Cengage Learning; 144 - NIKCOA/Shutterstock; 145 - Cengage Learning; 147(t) - Nismitmicrostock/ Shutterstock; 147(c) - drawdrawdraw/iStock; 147(b) - Cengage Learning; 148(t) - Courtesy of Medline Industries Inc., 1-860-MEDLINE; 148(l) - VallarIE/Getty Images; 149 - Cengage Learning; 150 - Cengage Learning; 151 - Cengage Learning; 153 - Photo Melon / Shutterstock; 154(t) - GladkovPhoto/Shutterstock; 154(c) - Claudio Caridi/Shutterstock; 154(b) - Jabah Media Production; 159 - Cengage Learning; 161 - Cengage Learning; 162 - Leah-Anne Thompson/Shutterstock; 164(tr) - nednapa/Shutterstock; 164(tl) - flubydust/iStock; 164(br) - Vitaliy Hrabar/Shutterstock; 164(bl) - Max Labeille/Getty Images; 166 - TomoTaro/Shutterstock; 179 - Pixel-Shot/ Shutterstock; 180-187 - Mohammad I. El Mouzan, Abdullah A. Al Salloum, Abdullah S. Al Herbish, Peter J Foster, Mansour M. Qurashi, Ahmad A. Al Omar; 189(t) - SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 189(c) - Oradol/Shutterstock; 189(b) - VOISIN / PHANIE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 190 - Tasneem Alsultan; 191 - Iryna Inshyna/Shutterstock; 192(t) - Gorloff-KV/Shutterstock; 192(b) - Cengage Learning; 193 - Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock; 194 - Cengage Learning; 199 - Darren Lingard; 200 - Darren Lingard; 200(bl) - Courtesy of Midmark Corp.; 201 - Cengage Learning; 203 - Tasneem Alsultan; 204 - Cengage Learning; 205 - MINT IMAGES / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 206(t) - PEAKSTOCK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY, Brisbane, Australia; 209 - Courtesy of Miltex, Inc.; 210 - Cengage Learning; 212 - Cengage Learning; 215(tr) - Cengage Learning; 215(tl) - Cultura Creative RF / Alamy Stock Photo; 215(b) - Cengage Learning; 216 - Cengage Learning; 218 - Cengage Learning; 219(b) - ARNO MASSEE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; 220(t) - Cengage Learning; 220(b) - Cengage Learning; 221 - Cengage Learning; 222(t) - Tasneem Alsultan; 222(b) - Cengage Learning; 223 - Cengage Learning; 224(b) - Art_Pictures/ Shutterstock; 227 - Tasneem Alsultan; 229 - Robert Avgustin/Shutterstock; 239 - Courtesy of KARDEX ® System, Inc., Marietta, OH.; 243 - Tasneem Alsultan; 245(r) - ©iStock.com/GeoPappas; 245(l) - RASimon / iStock / Getty Images Plus; 249 - Cengage Learning; 251 - Cengage Learning; 255 - Cengage Learning; 256 - Cengage Learning; 257 - Cengage Learning; 258 - Tasneem Alsultan; 261 - Cengage Learning; 262 - Cengage Learning; 263 - Cengage Learning; 271 - Cengage Learning; 273 - Cengage Learning; 275 - Pepermpron/Shutterstock; 285 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 286 - Jabah Media Production/The Stock; 288 - Arnold O. A. Pinto/Shutterstock; 291 - MalikNalik/Shutterstock; 293 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 295 - Cengage / photographer Tasneem Alsultan; 297 - Gecko Studio/Shutterstock --- VISUAL CONTEXT --- **FIGURE**: National Geographic Learning Logo Description: The National Geographic Learning logo, featuring a yellow rectangular frame around the words 'NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC' and 'LEARNING' below it. Context: Publisher branding and identification.