📄 النص الكامل للصفحة
--- SECTION: 3. الطور الإفرازي: ---
يحدث في الأيام (15-28)؛ بعد الإباضة يزداد إفراز هرموني الأستروجين والبروجسترون من الجسم الأصفر؛ فيعملان على زيادة سمك بطانة الرحم، ويحفز البروجسترون الخلايا الغدية في الرحم على إفراز الجلايكوجين؛ لتهيئة البيئة المناسبة لنمو الجنين، وإذا لم يحدث إخصاب؛ فإن الجسم الأصفر يضمر ثم يتحلل؛ مما يؤدي إلى انسلاخ بطانة الرحم، وتدفق الطمث (الحيض)؛ لتعاود دورة هذه الأطوار مرة أخرى كل شهر.
--- SECTION: دورة المبيض (The Ovarian Cycle) ---
تشتمل دورة المبيض على ثلاثة أطوار أيضاً؛ وهي: انظر الشكل (11-13).
الشكل (11-13): التغيرات الشهرية التي تحدث في الرحم والمبيض خلال دورة مدتها 28 يوم.
--- VISUAL CONTEXT ---
**GRAPH**: التغيرات الشهرية التي تحدث في الرحم والمبيض خلال دورة مدتها 28 يوم.
Description: A composite graph illustrating the interrelationship between anterior pituitary hormone levels, ovarian cycle phases, ovarian hormone levels, and uterine cycle phases over a typical 28-day menstrual cycle. The graph is divided into four vertical panels sharing a common x-axis representing days.
X-axis: أيام (Days) / أطوار دورة الرحم (Phases of the Uterine Cycle)
Y-axis: مستوى هرمونات الغدة النخامية الأمامية (Anterior Pituitary Hormone Levels) / دورة المبيض (Ovarian Cycle) / مستوى هرمونات المبيض (Ovarian Hormone Levels) / دورة الحيض (دورة الرحم) (Menstrual Cycle (Uterine Cycle))
Data: The graph displays four synchronized panels:
Panel 1: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Levels (Top)
- Y-axis: 'مستوى هرمونات الغدة النخامية الأمامية' (Anterior Pituitary Hormone Levels)
- Two curves are shown:
- **Luteinizing Hormone (LH)** (represented by the orange/red curve): Starts at a low level, gradually increases, then exhibits a sharp, prominent peak around Day 14 (x=14, y=high peak). After the peak, it rapidly declines to a low level and remains relatively low until the end of the cycle.
- **Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)** (represented by the green curve): Starts at a moderate level, shows a slight increase and a smaller peak around Day 14 (x=14, y=moderate peak), then decreases slightly before showing a minor rise towards the end of the cycle.
Panel 2: Ovarian Cycle (Second from Top)
- Y-axis: 'دورة المبيض' (Ovarian Cycle)
- Illustrates the morphological changes in the ovary:
- **Follicular Phase ('طور الحوصلة')**: From Day 1 to approximately Day 13, characterized by the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles (depicted as small, then larger, circles).
- **Ovulation Phase ('طور الإباضة')**: Occurs around Day 14, represented by the release of an egg from a mature follicle (depicted as a burst follicle with an egg).
- **Luteal Phase ('طور الجسم الأصفر')**: From approximately Day 15 to Day 28, characterized by the formation and regression of the corpus luteum (depicted as a star-shaped structure that grows and then shrinks).
Panel 3: Ovarian Hormone Levels (Third from Top)
- Y-axis: 'مستوى هرمونات المبيض' (Ovarian Hormone Levels)
- Two curves are shown:
- **Estrogen** (represented by the red curve): Starts at a low level, gradually increases to a prominent peak around Day 13-14 (x=13-14, y=high peak), then drops sharply. It shows a secondary, lower peak around Day 21 (x=21, y=moderate peak), followed by a decline towards the end of the cycle.
- **Progesterone** (represented by the blue curve): Remains very low from Day 1 to Day 14. After Day 14, it rises sharply, reaching a peak around Day 21 (x=21, y=high peak), and then declines rapidly towards the end of the cycle.
Panel 4: Uterine Cycle (Bottom)
- Y-axis: 'دورة الحيض (دورة الرحم)' (Menstrual Cycle (Uterine Cycle))
- Illustrates the changes in the uterine lining:
- **Menstrual Flow Phase ('طور تدفق الطمث')**: From Day 1 to approximately Day 5, depicted as the shedding of the uterine lining (jagged, irregular tissue).
- **Proliferative Phase ('طور نمو بطانة الرحم')**: From approximately Day 6 to Day 14, depicted as the rebuilding and thickening of the uterine lining (smooth, growing tissue).
- **Secretory Phase ('الطور الإفرازي')**: From approximately Day 15 to Day 28, depicted as the continued thickening and vascularization of the uterine lining, with glandular development (thick, wavy tissue with visible glands/vessels).
Common X-axis: 'أيام' (Days) with major grid lines at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28.
Key Values: Day 1: Start of menstrual flow and follicular phase, low hormone levels., Day 7: End of menstrual flow, continued follicular growth, rising estrogen., Day 14: Ovulation, LH and FSH surge, estrogen peak, start of luteal phase., Day 21: Progesterone peak, secondary estrogen peak, peak secretory phase., Day 28: End of cycle, declining progesterone and estrogen, regression of corpus luteum, onset of next menstrual flow.
Context: This figure is fundamental for understanding the hormonal regulation and physiological changes during the human menstrual cycle, including the ovarian and uterine cycles. It illustrates the timing of key events like ovulation and the interplay between pituitary and ovarian hormones.