📚 معلومات الصفحة
الكتاب: كتاب الدراسات الاجتماعية - الصف 7 - الفصل 1 | المادة: الدراسات الاجتماعية | المرحلة: الصف 7 | الفصل الدراسي: 1
الدولة: المملكة العربية السعودية | المنهج: المنهج السعودي - وزارة التعليم
نوع المحتوى: درس تعليمي
📝 ملخص الصفحة
📚 أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسبًا للرسول
المفاهيم الأساسية
القرابة النسبية: درجة القرابة أو النسب من شخص ما، وهي إحدى الفضائل التي تميز بعض الصحابة.
خريطة المفاهيم
```markmap
الخلفاء الراشدون: أخلاقهم وخلافتهم
تعريفهم
أربعة صحابة
خلفوا النبي في قيادة الأمة
ساروا على سنته
فضائلهم المشتركة
السابقون إلى الإسلام
شهدوا الغزوات مع الرسول
من أعلم الصحابة
لازموا الرسول ﷺ
من العشرة المبشرين بالجنة
منهجهم في الحكم
اتباع نهج النبي ﷺ
تطبيق مبادئ الشريعة
الحكم بالشورى
القرابة من الرسول ﷺ
أقربهم نسباً
#### الخليفة علي بن أبي طالب
##### ابن عم الرسول
##### تربى في بيت النبي
أبو بكر الصديق
#### صهر الرسول (زوج ابنته عائشة)
عمر بن الخطاب
#### صهر الرسول (زوج ابنته حفصة)
عثمان بن عفان
#### صهر الرسول (تزوج ابنتيه)
```
نقاط مهمة
- الخليفة علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه هو أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسباً من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، فهو ابن عمه.
- القرابة النسبية كانت واحدة من عدة فضائل ومزايا تميز بها الخلفاء الراشدون، إلى جانب سبقهم للإسلام وعلمهم وملازمتهم للنبي.
- القرابة النسبية لم تكن المعيار الوحيد للخلافة، بل اجتمعت مع معايير أخرى مثل السابقة في الإسلام، والعدالة، والعلم، والقدرة على القيادة.
---
حل النشاط
السؤال أ: أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين رضي الله عنهم نسبًا من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم هو الخليفة علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه.
📋 المحتوى المنظم
📖 محتوى تعليمي مفصّل
الوحدة الخامسة | الدرس العشرون
نوع: محتوى تعليمي
الوحدة الخامسة | الدرس العشرون
نشاط 1
نوع: QUESTION_ACTIVITY
يطلع الطلبة على الشكل ويجيبون عن السؤالين الآتيين:
أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه
نوع: محتوى تعليمي
أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه
نوع: محتوى تعليمي
كان ملازمًا للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل النبوة وبعدها.
أول من أسلم من الرجال.
صاحب الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الهجرة إلى المدينة المنورة.
تزوج الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ابنته عائشة رضي الله عنها.
شهد جميع الغزوات مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولازمه حتى وفاته صلى الله عليه وسلم.
أول أمير أرسل إلى الحج.
استخلفه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم للصلاة بالناس عندما اشتد به المرض.
أشار القرآن الكريم إلى منزلة أبي بكر الصديق في عدد من الآيات.
نوع: NON_EDUCATIONAL
وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2023 - 1447
١٥٣
🔍 عناصر مرئية
شجرة نسب الخلفاء الراشدين
A genealogical tree illustrating the lineage of the Rashidun Caliphs and their relation to the Prophet Muhammad, starting from the Quraysh tribe. The tree shows connections through various ancestors.
📄 النص الكامل للصفحة
--- SECTION: الوحدة الخامسة | الدرس العشرون ---
الوحدة الخامسة | الدرس العشرون
--- SECTION: نشاط 1 ---
يطلع الطلبة على الشكل ويجيبون عن السؤالين الآتيين:
أ. أ- أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين رضي الله عنهم نسبًا من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم هو الخليفة 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ب. ب- يجتمع نسب عثمان بن عفان مع علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهم في 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--- SECTION: أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه ---
أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه
كان ملازمًا للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل النبوة وبعدها.
أول من أسلم من الرجال.
صاحب الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الهجرة إلى المدينة المنورة.
تزوج الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ابنته عائشة رضي الله عنها.
شهد جميع الغزوات مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولازمه حتى وفاته صلى الله عليه وسلم.
أول أمير أرسل إلى الحج.
استخلفه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم للصلاة بالناس عندما اشتد به المرض.
أشار القرآن الكريم إلى منزلة أبي بكر الصديق في عدد من الآيات.
وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2023 - 1447
١٥٣
--- VISUAL CONTEXT ---
**DIAGRAM**: شجرة نسب الخلفاء الراشدين
Description: A genealogical tree illustrating the lineage of the Rashidun Caliphs and their relation to the Prophet Muhammad, starting from the Quraysh tribe. The tree shows connections through various ancestors.
X-axis: N/A
Y-axis: N/A
Data: The diagram shows the following lineages:
- From Ka'b, branches to Murrah and Adiyy.
- From Murrah, branches to Taym (leading to Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq) and Kilab (leading to Abd Manaf).
- From Adiyy, branches to Rabah (leading to Umar).
- From Abd Manaf, branches to Hashim (leading to Abd Al-Muttalib) and Umayyah (leading to Abd Shams, then Uthman ibn Affan).
- From Abd Al-Muttalib, branches to Abdullah (leading to Muhammad), Abu Talib (leading to Ali), Hamza, and Al-Abbas.
Context: This diagram is used to answer questions about the genealogical relationships between the Rashidun Caliphs and the Prophet Muhammad.
✅ حلول أسئلة الكتاب الرسمية
عدد الأسئلة: 1
سؤال 1: يطلع الطلبة على الشكل ويجيبون عن السؤالين الآتيين:
أ- أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسباً من الرسول ﷺ هو الخليفة
ب- يجتمع نسب عثمان بن عفان مع علي بن أبي طالب ﷺ في
الإجابة: أ- أبو بكر الصديق
ب- عبد مناف
خطوات الحل:
- | الجزء | المعطيات | المطلوب |
|--------|-----------|----------|
| أ | الشكل (شجرة النسب) | تحديد أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسباً من الرسول ﷺ |
| ب | الشكل (شجرة النسب) | تحديد الجد الذي يجتمع فيه نسب عثمان بن عفان وعلي بن أبي طالب ﷺ |
- **المبدأ المستخدم:** تحليل شجرة النسب (علم الأنساب) لتحديد درجة القرابة والجد المشترك.
- **الخطوة 1: تحليل الجزء (أ)**
1. ننظر إلى الشكل (شجرة النسب) المرفق بالسؤال.
2. نبحث عن **الرسول محمد ﷺ** في الشجرة.
3. نحدد موقع **الخلفاء الراشدين الأربعة** (أبو بكر، عمر، عثمان، علي) رضي الله عنهم على الشجرة.
4. نقارن قرابة كل خليفة من الرسول ﷺ من خلال تتبع الأجداد المشتركة.
5. نجد أن **أبو بكر الصديق** رضي الله عنه هو الأقرب نسباً، حيث يجتمع نسبه مع الرسول ﷺ في **جد واحد** هو **مرة بن كعب** (الجد السادس للرسول ﷺ والجد الخامس لأبي بكر).
> **ملاحظة:** القرابة هنا تُقاس بعدد الأجيال حتى الجد المشترك؛ فكلما قل العدد، زادت القرابة.
- **الخطوة 2: تحليل الجزء (ب)**
1. نعود إلى الشجرة لتحديد موقع **عثمان بن عفان** وموقع **علي بن أبي طالب** رضي الله عنهما.
2. نبدأ من كل منهما ونتتبع أجدادهما للأعلى (الأب، الجد، جد الجد...).
3. نبحث عن **أول جد مشترك** بين نسبي عثمان وعلي.
4. من خلال تتبع النسب في الشجرة، نجد أن النسبين يلتقيان عند **عبد مناف**.
- نسب عثمان: عثمان ← عفان ← أبي العاص ← أمية ← عبد شمس ← **عبد مناف**.
- نسب علي: علي ← أبي طالب ← عبد المطلب ← هاشم ← **عبد مناف**.
5. إذن، **عبد مناف** هو الجد المشترك الأقرب لهما.
- **الإجابات النهائية:**
- الجزء (أ): أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسباً من الرسول ﷺ هو **أبو بكر الصديق** رضي الله عنه.
- الجزء (ب): يلتقي نسبا عثمان بن عفان وعلي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما عند الجد **عبد مناف**.
🎴 بطاقات تعليمية للمراجعة
عدد البطاقات: 3 بطاقة لهذه الصفحة
من هو أقرب الخلفاء الراشدين نسباً من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
- أ) عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه
- ب) عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه
- ج) أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه
- د) علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه
الإجابة الصحيحة: c
الإجابة: أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه
الشرح: 1. يتم تحديد القرابة النسبية بعدد الأجيال حتى الجد المشترك. 2. من خلال شجرة النسب، يلتقي نسب الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ونسب أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه عند الجد مرة بن كعب. 3. هذه القرابة هي الأقرب بين الخلفاء الراشدين.
تلميح: فكر في من يجتمع نسبه مع الرسول في جد قريب.
التصنيف: مفهوم جوهري | المستوى: متوسط
في أي جد يلتقي نسب عثمان بن عفان وعلي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما؟
- أ) عبد المطلب
- ب) هاشم
- ج) عبد مناف
- د) عبد شمس
الإجابة الصحيحة: c
الإجابة: عبد مناف
الشرح: 1. نسب عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه: عثمان ← عفان ← أبي العاص ← أمية ← عبد شمس ← عبد مناف. 2. نسب علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه: علي ← أبي طالب ← عبد المطلب ← هاشم ← عبد مناف. 3. الجد المشترك الأقرب بينهما هو عبد مناف.
تلميح: ابحث عن الجد المشترك بين فرعي بني هاشم وبني أمية.
التصنيف: مفهوم جوهري | المستوى: متوسط
أي مما يلي يعد من أبرز مواقف أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
- أ) كان أول من بايعه بالخلافة
- ب) كان صاحبه في الهجرة إلى المدينة المنورة
- ج) قاد أول سرية في الإسلام
- د) جمع القرآن الكريم في مصحف واحد
الإجابة الصحيحة: b
الإجابة: كان صاحبه في الهجرة إلى المدينة المنورة
الشرح: 1. من أبرز المواقف التي تظهر صداقته وملازمته للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم هي الهجرة. 2. أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه هو الذي رافق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في رحلة الهجرة من مكة إلى المدينة، مما يدل على ثقته وقرابته منه.
تلميح: فكر في الحدث الكبير الذي شارك فيه أبو بكر النبي ﷺ.
التصنيف: مفهوم جوهري | المستوى: سهل