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نوع: METADATA
National Geographic Learning
نوع: METADATA
a Cengage Company
Business Finance
نوع: METADATA
Herbert B. Mayo
نوع: METADATA
Program Director: Sharon Jervis
نوع: METADATA
Senior Program Manager: Claire Merchant
نوع: METADATA
Publishing Consultant: Dorothy Robertson
نوع: METADATA
Subject Consultant: Jeff Butterfield
نوع: METADATA
Ministry Program Manager: Anna Missa
نوع: METADATA
Project Manager: Jemma Hillyer
نوع: METADATA
Editors: Felix Rowe, Lois Ware, Cecilia Bingham,
Samantha Lacey, Abbie Coppin
نوع: METADATA
Head of Design and Production: Celia Jones
نوع: METADATA
Senior Content Project Manager: Sue Povey
نوع: METADATA
Designer: Jonathan Bargus
نوع: METADATA
The publisher has made every effort to trace
and contact copyright holders before publication.
If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the
publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or
omissions at the earliest opportunity
Credits:
نوع: METADATA
22 Arabstock.com; 27 Wael Khalil alfuzai/Shutterstock; 33
sommart sombutwantkul/Shutterstock; 33 Noryati
Ariffin/Shutterstock; 46 Arabstock.com; 50 beyond
vision/Shutterstock; 51 Tea Talk/Shutterstock; Nine
Rules/Shutterstock; 59 Romolo Tavani/Shutterstock;
69 Arabstock.com; 86 Princess Anmitsu/Shutterstock;
96 Blue Planet Studio/Shutterstock; 100 motioncenter/
Shutterstock; 111 Sergey Nivens/Shutterstock; 112 Fof.
mad/Shutterstock; 115 Monster Ztudio/Shutterstock;
129 catshila/Shutterstock. 150 Mfee/Shutterstock.com;
153 Tamer Adel Soliman/Shutterstock; 156 Ebtisam
Vector/Shutterstock; 157(b) Arabstock. com; 158
Arabstock.com; 161 Arabstock.com; 178 Arabstock.
com; 196 artpartner-images/Getty Images; 200 Maxx-
Studio/ Shutterstock; 203(1) Marvin Tolentino/Alamy
Stock Photo; 203(r) Jonathan Bargus; 206 chaylek/
Shutterstock; 209 Sunshine Stock Photo; 234 Sunshine
Studio/Shutterstock; 238 edpics/Alamy Stock Photo;
240 H1N1/Shutterstock; 247 JJava Designs; 258 Andriy
Popov/Alamy Stock Photo; 276 Witthaya Prasongsin/
Getty Images; 281 Andrew Twort/ Alamy Stock
Photo; 282 Zorabc/Shutterstock; 283 create jobs 51/
Shutterstock; 287 Watchara Ritjan/Shutterstock; 291
designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 299 Michail Petrov/
Shutterstock; 301 designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 307
jayk7/Moment/Getty Images; 328 Hany Musallam/
Shutterstock; 331 Arabstock.com; 333 smshool/
Shutterstock; 337 Frank Fiedler/Shutterstock; 343
designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 345 Arabstock.com
نوع: METADATA
© 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc.
نوع: METADATA
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
copyright owner.
نوع: METADATA
"National Geographic", "National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border
Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society
® Marcas Registradas
نوع: NON_EDUCATIONAL
For permission to use material from this text or product,
submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions
Further permissions questions can be emailed to
permissionrequest@cengage.com
Student Edition:
نوع: METADATA
ISBN: 978-603-514-023-2
National Geographic Learning
نوع: METADATA
Cheriton House, North Way,
Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE
United Kingdom
نوع: METADATA
Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region
نوع: METADATA
Visit National Geographic Learning online at ELTGNGL.COM
Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com
نوع: METADATA
وزارة التعليم
نوع: METADATA
Ministry of Education
نوع: METADATA
2025 - 1447
📄 النص الكامل للصفحة
National Geographic Learning
a Cengage Company
--- SECTION: Business Finance ---
Herbert B. Mayo
Program Director: Sharon Jervis
Senior Program Manager: Claire Merchant
Publishing Consultant: Dorothy Robertson
Subject Consultant: Jeff Butterfield
Ministry Program Manager: Anna Missa
Project Manager: Jemma Hillyer
Editors: Felix Rowe, Lois Ware, Cecilia Bingham,
Samantha Lacey, Abbie Coppin
Head of Design and Production: Celia Jones
Senior Content Project Manager: Sue Povey
Designer: Jonathan Bargus
The publisher has made every effort to trace
and contact copyright holders before publication.
If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the
publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or
omissions at the earliest opportunity
--- SECTION: Credits: ---
22 Arabstock.com; 27 Wael Khalil alfuzai/Shutterstock; 33
sommart sombutwantkul/Shutterstock; 33 Noryati
Ariffin/Shutterstock; 46 Arabstock.com; 50 beyond
vision/Shutterstock; 51 Tea Talk/Shutterstock; Nine
Rules/Shutterstock; 59 Romolo Tavani/Shutterstock;
69 Arabstock.com; 86 Princess Anmitsu/Shutterstock;
96 Blue Planet Studio/Shutterstock; 100 motioncenter/
Shutterstock; 111 Sergey Nivens/Shutterstock; 112 Fof.
mad/Shutterstock; 115 Monster Ztudio/Shutterstock;
129 catshila/Shutterstock. 150 Mfee/Shutterstock.com;
153 Tamer Adel Soliman/Shutterstock; 156 Ebtisam
Vector/Shutterstock; 157(b) Arabstock. com; 158
Arabstock.com; 161 Arabstock.com; 178 Arabstock.
com; 196 artpartner-images/Getty Images; 200 Maxx-
Studio/ Shutterstock; 203(1) Marvin Tolentino/Alamy
Stock Photo; 203(r) Jonathan Bargus; 206 chaylek/
Shutterstock; 209 Sunshine Stock Photo; 234 Sunshine
Studio/Shutterstock; 238 edpics/Alamy Stock Photo;
240 H1N1/Shutterstock; 247 JJava Designs; 258 Andriy
Popov/Alamy Stock Photo; 276 Witthaya Prasongsin/
Getty Images; 281 Andrew Twort/ Alamy Stock
Photo; 282 Zorabc/Shutterstock; 283 create jobs 51/
Shutterstock; 287 Watchara Ritjan/Shutterstock; 291
designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 299 Michail Petrov/
Shutterstock; 301 designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 307
jayk7/Moment/Getty Images; 328 Hany Musallam/
Shutterstock; 331 Arabstock.com; 333 smshool/
Shutterstock; 337 Frank Fiedler/Shutterstock; 343
designer491/Alamy Stock Photo; 345 Arabstock.com
© 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
copyright owner.
"National Geographic", "National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border
Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society
® Marcas Registradas
For permission to use material from this text or product,
submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions
Further permissions questions can be emailed to
permissionrequest@cengage.com
--- SECTION: Student Edition: ---
ISBN: 978-603-514-023-2
--- SECTION: National Geographic Learning ---
Cheriton House, North Way,
Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE
United Kingdom
Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region
Visit National Geographic Learning online at ELTGNGL.COM
Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com
وزارة التعليم
Ministry of Education
2025 - 1447